Vulvitis
Prepubertal girls have a relative lack of estrogen and are thus prone to vulvitis. It is characterised by an inflamed, irritated vaginal orifice, often with a foul itchy discharge.
There can be pain or discomfort on micturition. It can be caused by:
• poor hygiene
• threadworms
• excessive...
Scrotal Problems in Pediatric
Acute enlargement or pain in the scrotal area is an important clinical sign as it may signal a surgical emergency. Boys with either of these symptoms need to be seen promptly because of the risk of testicular torsion. Testicular torsion may result in infarction of the testis...
Penile Problems in Pediatric
Phimosis
Phimosis is a tightness of the foreskin so that it cannot be drawn over the glans. It is most logically defined as either physiological or pathological. Physiological phimosis occurs because of the inability to retract infantile foreskin, owing to congenital adhesions...
Hypertension in Pediatric Emergency
Transient hypertension can occur in a child as a result of stress, fear or pain. Blood pressure (BP) measurements repeated on several different occasions (at least three) are required to diagnose hypertension. The cuff bladder should cover at least 3/4 of the child’s arm length,...
Hematuria in Pediatric Emergency
Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. The presence of 10 or more RBCs per high-power field is abnormal. Urinary dipsticks are very sensitive and can be positive at less than five RBCs per high-power field. In the emergency department it is important in...
Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Emergency
Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical disorder characterised by edema, proteinuria (>3g per day), hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Minimal change glomerulonephritis accounts for 80–85% of nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Complications include infections, thrombosis and...
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Pediatric
The urinary tract is a common site of infection in children. The annual incidence is up to 1% in girls, but less common in boys. Radiological abnormalities are present in about 40% of children with UTIs, the most common being reflux. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls...
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)