Bronchiolitis in Pediatric Emergency

This is an acute viral lower respiratory infection. Varying definitions throughout the world cause confusion when doctors are assessing useful treatments. The etiological agent is usually respiratory syncytial virus but can also be adenovirus or parainfluenza 3. The infection...

Asthma in Pediatric Emergency

Acute asthma is one of the commonest reasons for presentation to an emergency department and admission to a hospital. Consider acute asthma when a child presents with signs of increased work of breathing, widespread wheezing and shortness of breath. There are other causes to...

Cardiac Failure and Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric

Congenital heart disease may present as heart failure with or without shock or cyanosis. However, there are many causes of cardiac failure, including non-congenital reasons such as myocarditis. These may present with signs of heart failure, such as breathlessness, hepatomegaly,...

Cyanotic Episodes in Pediatric

Cyanotic episodes occur in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, in particular tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia. There may be a previous history of squatting. The episodes usually occur early in the morning, or in the context of stress or dehydration with periods of increased oxygen...

Kawasaki Disease in Pediatric

Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects children under 5 years old. Although the specific etiological agent remains unknown, it is believed that Kawasaki disease is a response to some form of infection (although it is not transmitted from person...