An adrenal crisis is a physiological event caused by an acute relative insufficiency of adrenal hormones. It may be precipitated by physiological stress, such as infection or surgery in a susceptible patient. It should be considered in patients with:
• congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• hypopituitarism...
Jaundice Icteric in Pediatric Emergency
Jaundice in early infancy
There are many causes of jaundice in early infancy. It is clinically defined as the yellow colouration of the skin and sclera. The best approach is to define it, if it is unconjugated or a conjugated jaundice, as this will dictate the approach to...
Diarrhea and Vomiting in Pediatric Emergency
Most diarrhea and vomiting in children is due to infective gastroenteritis ) but not all. It may be the presentation of a urinary tract infection (UTI), meningitis, appendicitis, intussusception or systemic illness. In the unwell child, especially if anuric, consider hemolytic uremic syndrome (hemolytic...
Constipation in Pediatric Emergency
Constipation is defined as hard stools that are difficult to pass. Defecation may be painful and may be less frequent than normal. There is a wide range of normal stool frequency: normal breastfed infants may have a stool following each feed or only one every 7–10 days; bottle-fed...
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